Countries: F Abbreviations ClN = clan name NN =Nickname f=father’s DayN =Day Name PlN=Placename gf=grandfather’s FamN= Family Name PT = patronymic m=mother’s GN = Given name SN = Surname IN = Incidental name TN= Tribal name MN=Middle name wPN = Western Personal Name Country Languages Structure & (Example) Ethnic groups-Types – History Women (and on marriage) Children Society Terms of Address, Further reading, Notes Falkland Islands Fiji Finland Finnish, Swedish GN + SN Anna-Maija Raittila Mass movement in early 20th c.(1906-7 and 1935-37) to adopt Finnish surnames (instead of Swedish ones) –popular new surnames then were: Nurmi, Laine and Lehta. SNs became compulsory in 1920. Legally, Finns are not allowed more than 3 GNs, and SNs must not exceed 2. Many have the –nen suffix (denoting a sense of belonging). Other suffixes are -mäki (“-hill”), -järvi (“-lake”), and -joki (“-river”). Leading surnames: Virtanen, Korhonen, Nieminen, Mäkinen, Mäkelä, Hämäläinen, Laine, Koskinen, Heikkinen, Järvinen Finnish women do not usually change surname on marriage Mr= Herra Mrs= Rouva Miss= Neiti (abbrev in correspondence to Hra, Rva., Nti respectively) •Narhi (1987) ‘The changing of surnames in Finland during the twentieth century, particularly 1906 and 1935’ StudAnthroScan 5 •Leskinen (1990) ‘Finnish onomastics’ •Paikkala (2002) ‘Surnames in Finland on the threshold of the new millennium’ Onoma 37 •Talve (1966) ‘Namens- und Geburtstagstraditionen in Finnland’ Finland – Lappish Saami (Lappish) GN + SN Marja-Luisa Mujo •Whitaker (1977) ‘Colloquial naming among the Lainiovuoma Lapps (Sami)’ Jl de la Société Finno-ougrienne 75 France French GN + SN Alfred de Musset French FamNs derive mainly from Roman Latin, Germanic (Frankish) language and the Latinized Hebrew Bible Many SNs were formed through local dialects, because the national language (the Parisian dialect) did not become standardised till the 19th century, Styles of naming differed from region to region PT surnames more common in north-east, compared to Basque Pyrenees, where SNs more derived from the domaine, estate or house. Names based on professions more common in cities than countryside. (source DAFN) Article 1 of the Revolutionary Law of 6 fructidor Year II (23 August 1794) lays down that ‘no citizen may bear any surname or forename other than those inscribed on his birth certicate’. This law is still in force, though later modified to allow name changes in exceptional circumstances ►Types of SNs Patronymic e.g. Martin, Lambert Occupational e.g. LeFèvre Topographic e.g. Dupuis, Duval Toponymic e.g. Rivoire, Langevin Nicknames e.g. Bossé (hunchback) Leading SN : Martin, Bernard, Dupois, Thomas, Robert, Richard, Petit, Durand, Leroy, Moreau, Simon, Laurent, LeFebvre, Michel, Garcia, David, Bertrand, Roux, Vincent, Fournier, Morel, Girard, André, Lefèvre, Mercier No of French Nationals in UK = c250,000: centred on London Cont from right… ►Regional •Fordant (1999) ‘Tous les noms de famille de France et leur localisation en 1900’ •Fordant (1998) ‘Atlas des noms de famille en France’ •Fenouillet (1919,1997) ‘Les noms de famille en Savoie ‘ •Grosclaude (1992) ‘Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille gascons’ •Moreau (1992) ‘Les Noms de famille en Touraine ‘ •Deshayes (2005) ‘Dictionnaire des noms de famille bretons’ Isbn-291420891x • Gonzalez (1997) ‘Dictionnaire des noms de famille en Auvergne’ • Billy & Sauvardet (1998-2001) ‘Dictionnaire historique des noms de famille du Puy-de-Dôme’ •Orrye (1998) ‘Dictionnaire des noms de famille du Pays creusois’ •Alabergère (1998) ‘Noms de famille des bocages du Centre’ •Iglesias (2000) ‘Noms de lieux et de personnes à Bayonne, Anglet et Biarritz au XVIIIe siècle’ •Gibelin (2000) ‘Que signifie votre nom ? : étude onomastique des noms de famille originaires des pays d’Oc’ Isbn-2906339377 •Belser et al. (2000) ‘Les noms de famille en Bourgogne et Franche-Comté’ Isbn-2911665333 •Boisson (2000) ‘Les noms de famille en Languedoc et Roussillon’ Isbn- 2911665368 ►National •Barbé (1991-95) ‘Nouveau dictionnaire des prénoms français, régionaux, étrangers’ •Dauzat (1989) ‘Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille et prénoms de France’ •Fabre (1998) ‘Les noms de personnes en France’ •Larchey (1878,1994) ‘Dictionnaire des noms’ •Morlet (1991,1997) ‘Dictionnaire étymologique des noms de famille’ •Mergnac –ed. (2005) ‘Dictionnaire historique des noms de famille’ Isbn- 2847361286 •Munday (1986) ‘The French law of surnames: a study in rights of property, personality and Privacy’ Legal Studies 6